Assessment of the relationship between the level of patient knowledge on warfarin therapy and the quality of oral anticoagulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of patient knowledge on warfarin therapy and the quality of oral anticoagulation. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis written on the basis of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Searches at MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS electronic databases were carried out on February 13, 2023, using the descriptors "Patient Medication Knowledge", "Patient Education as Topic", "Health Education", "Patient Education" and Warfarin. The steps of selection, data extraction and quality analysis of articles were performed independently by two reviewers. The analysis was performed considering patient knowledge as a possible modifier of time in therapeutic range (TTR). The meta-analysis included studies that reported the correlation coefficient (Pearson or Spearman) between patient knowledge and TTR. A subgroup analysis was performed according to questionnaires employed to measure patient knowledge. Twelve studies were selected with an overall sample size of 7634 participants and mean age 58.2 (standard deviation (SD)±12,8) years. Eleven (92.0%) cross-sectional studies. The mean TTR was 57.8% (SD±11,3%) and the average level of knowledge was 60.4%. The meta-analysis indicated that patient level of knowledge on warfarin therapy was moderately associated with TTR (rs = 0.435; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.163-0.645; I2 = 96%). Subgroup analysis indicated association between knowledge level and TTR in studies employing the OAK test (rs = 0.617; 95% CI = 0.192-0.847; I2 = 97%) and the AKA (rs = 0.269; 95% CI = 0.002 to 0.501; I2 = 94%). However, the subgroup analysis presented no significant difference between them (p = 0.14). The meta-regression showed a non-significant negative effect of age on the correlation (estimate = -0.028, 95% CI = -0.073 to 0.016, p = 0.207). No publication bias was noted (p = 0.881). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis gathering evidence about the relationship between the level of patient knowledge on oral anticoagulation with warfarin and TTR. The implementation of structured and patient-centered educational interventions is essential to effectively increase the level of patient knowledge and, thus, to improve the quality and safety of warfarin therapy. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42023398030.

Construction and Validation of a Protocol Targeting Patients on Oral Anticoagulation with Warfarin. / Construção e Validação do Protocolo EmpoderACO Direcionado a Pacientes em Anticoagulação Oral com Varfarina.

BACKGROUND: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that is very useful in preventing thromboembolism, though it is considered a drug with a high risk of causing adverse events. Considering the practical challenges in controlling oral anticoagulation, the patients on warfarin could benefit from educational strategies aimed at behavioral changes, active participation in self-care, and adherence to drug therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to construct and validate the EmpoderACO protocol for behavioral changes in warfarin patients. METHODS: The methodological steps were: definition of concepts and domains of self-care, identification of objectives, construction and selection of items, assessment of content validity, and pre-test in the target population. RESULTS: Relevance, adequacy, clarity, and internal reliability of the instrument's items were assessed by a multidisciplinary judges committee (JC) through the E-surv web platform, obtaining an average agreement of ≥0.91. The understanding of the instrument measured by the target population revealed adequate clarity with a coefficient average of 0.96. CONCLUSION: EmpoderACO can aid in qualifying the communication process between medical professionals and patients, as well as in improving adherence to both treatment and clinical outcomes, and can be replicated in healthcare settings.

FUNDAMENTO: A varfarina é um anticoagulante oral útil para prevenção de tromboembolismo, embora seja considerado fármaco de alto risco de causar eventos adversos. Considerando os desafios práticos no controle da anticoagulação oral, os pacientes poderiam se beneficiar de estratégias educacionais que visem mudança de comportamento, participação ativa no autocuidado e adesão à farmacoterapia. OBJETIVO: Construir e validar o protocolo EmpoderACO para mudança de comportamento em pacientes em uso de varfarina. MÉTODOS: As etapas metodológicas foram: definição de conceitos e domínios do autocuidado, identificação dos objetivos, construção e seleção dos itens, avaliação da validade de conteúdo e pré-teste na população alvo. RESULTADOS: Relevância, adequação, clareza e confiabilidade interna dos itens do instrumento foram avaliadas por comitê de juízes multiprofissional pela plataforma web E-surv, obtendo-se média de concordância ≥0,91. A compreensão do instrumento pela população-alvo teve clareza adequada com média de 0,96. CONCLUSÃO: O EmpoderACO poderá contribuir para qualificar o processo de comunicação entre profissionais e pacientes, melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e os resultados clínicos, podendo ser replicado nos serviços de saúde.

Construção e Validação do Protocolo EmpoderACO Direcionado a Pacientes em Anticoagulação Oral com Varfarina / Construction and Validation of a Protocol Targeting Patients on Oral Anticoagulation with Warfarin

Resumo Fundamento A varfarina é um anticoagulante oral útil para prevenção de tromboembolismo, embora seja considerado fármaco de alto risco de causar eventos adversos. Considerando os desafios práticos no controle da anticoagulação oral, os pacientes poderiam se beneficiar de estratégias educacionais que visem mudança de comportamento, participação ativa no autocuidado e adesão à farmacoterapia. Objetivo Construir e validar o protocolo EmpoderACO para mudança de comportamento em pacientes em uso de varfarina. Métodos As etapas metodológicas foram: definição de conceitos e domínios do autocuidado, identificação dos objetivos, construção e seleção dos itens, avaliação da validade de conteúdo e pré-teste na população alvo. Resultados Relevância, adequação, clareza e confiabilidade interna dos itens do instrumento foram avaliadas por comitê de juízes multiprofissional pela plataforma web E-surv, obtendo-se média de concordância ≥0,91. A compreensão do instrumento pela população-alvo teve clareza adequada com média de 0,96. Conclusão O EmpoderACO poderá contribuir para qualificar o processo de comunicação entre profissionais e pacientes, melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e os resultados clínicos, podendo ser replicado nos serviços de saúde.

Abstract Background Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that is very useful in preventing thromboembolism, though it is considered a drug with a high risk of causing adverse events. Considering the practical challenges in controlling oral anticoagulation, the patients on warfarin could benefit from educational strategies aimed at behavioral changes, active participation in self-care, and adherence to drug therapy. Objective The aim was to construct and validate the EmpoderACO protocol for behavioral changes in warfarin patients. Methods The methodological steps were: definition of concepts and domains of self-care, identification of objectives, construction and selection of items, assessment of content validity, and pre-test in the target population. Results Relevance, adequacy, clarity, and internal reliability of the instrument's items were assessed by a multidisciplinary judges committee (JC) through the E-surv web platform, obtaining an average agreement of ≥0.91. The understanding of the instrument measured by the target population revealed adequate clarity with a coefficient average of 0.96. Conclusion EmpoderACO can aid in qualifying the communication process between medical professionals and patients, as well as in improving adherence to both treatment and clinical outcomes, and can be replicated in healthcare settings.

Prescribing potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly according to Beers Criteria: systematic review. / Prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos segundo os Critérios de Beers: revisão sistemática.

The study aimed to perform a systematic review to identify and evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) prescriptions for the elderly, according to Beers Criteria, in hospitalized elderly individuals aged 65 years or older. Five databases consulted: VHL; Cochrane Library; CINAHL; MEDLINE and Web of Science. Nineteen articles identified, selected based on eligibility criteria. The mean age was 78.2 years and the most used criterion for the identification of PIM for the elderly was Beers 2015 (57.9%). A total of 221,879 elderly received a prescription for PIM, the mean prevalence was 65.0%, for the gastrointestinal system (15.3%) and proton-pump inhibitors (27.7%) highlighted as the main class of medicine prescribed. It concluded that the Beers Criteria have made it possible to identify the high prevalence in the prescription of PIM. The results of this review may help in the decision making of health professionals, to avoid the administration of PIM and to propose best practices to ensure the safety of the elderly hospitalized.

Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática para identificar e avaliar a prevalência da prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI), segundo os Critérios de Beers, em idosos hospitalizados com ≥65 anos. Foram consultadas cinco bases de dados: BVS, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE e Web of Science. Foram identificados 19 artigos, selecionados a partir de critérios de elegibilidade. A média de idade foi 78,2 anos e o critério mais utilizado para a identificação dos MPI para idosos foi o de Beers 2015 (57,9%). Um total de 221.879 idosos recebeu prescrição inapropriada, a prevalência média foi de 65.0%, com destaque para o sistema gastrointestinal (15,3%) e os inibidores da bomba de prótons (27,7%) como a principal classe de medicamento prescrita. Conclui-se que os Critérios de Beers possibilitaram a identificação da alta prevalência na prescrição dos MPI. Os resultados desta revisão poderão auxiliar na tomada de decisão dos profissionais de saúde, no intuito de se evitar a administração dos MPI e propor melhores práticas que garantam a segurança do idoso hospitalizado.

Prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos segundo os Critérios de Beers: revisão sistemática / Prescribing potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly according to Beers Criteria: systematic review

Resumo Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática para identificar e avaliar a prevalência da prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI), segundo os Critérios de Beers, em idosos hospitalizados com ≥65 anos. Foram consultadas cinco bases de dados: BVS, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE e Web of Science. Foram identificados 19 artigos, selecionados a partir de critérios de elegibilidade. A média de idade foi 78,2 anos e o critério mais utilizado para a identificação dos MPI para idosos foi o de Beers 2015 (57,9%). Um total de 221.879 idosos recebeu prescrição inapropriada, a prevalência média foi de 65.0%, com destaque para o sistema gastrointestinal (15,3%) e os inibidores da bomba de prótons (27,7%) como a principal classe de medicamento prescrita. Conclui-se que os Critérios de Beers possibilitaram a identificação da alta prevalência na prescrição dos MPI. Os resultados desta revisão poderão auxiliar na tomada de decisão dos profissionais de saúde, no intuito de se evitar a administração dos MPI e propor melhores práticas que garantam a segurança do idoso hospitalizado.

Abstract The study aimed to perform a systematic review to identify and evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) prescriptions for the elderly, according to Beers Criteria, in hospitalized elderly individuals aged 65 years or older. Five databases consulted: VHL; Cochrane Library; CINAHL; MEDLINE and Web of Science. Nineteen articles identified, selected based on eligibility criteria. The mean age was 78.2 years and the most used criterion for the identification of PIM for the elderly was Beers 2015 (57.9%). A total of 221,879 elderly received a prescription for PIM, the mean prevalence was 65.0%, for the gastrointestinal system (15.3%) and proton-pump inhibitors (27.7%) highlighted as the main class of medicine prescribed. It concluded that the Beers Criteria have made it possible to identify the high prevalence in the prescription of PIM. The results of this review may help in the decision making of health professionals, to avoid the administration of PIM and to propose best practices to ensure the safety of the elderly hospitalized.

Effectiveness and usability of mobile health applications for medication adherence in patients with heart failure: a systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review will assess the effectiveness and usability of mobile health applications to improve medication adherence in patients with heart failure. INTRODUCTION: Poor medication adherence by heart failure patients is a major cause of negative clinical outcomes, high rates of hospital readmissions, and death, thereby increasing costs for patients and the health care system. Several studies have shown that the use of mobile health applications improves self-care by heart failure patients, including medication adherence. Therefore, gathering evidence on these studies will help researchers and clinicians understand the impact of such interventions on patient care. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Eligible studies will evaluate medication adherence in participants aged ≥18 years diagnosed with heart failure who are using app-based (software) interventions. Experimental and observational studies will be included. We will exclude studies with interventions that used mobile applications without functionality to assist the user in organizing and taking their medications. METHODS: Articles published from database inception to the present day, without language restrictions, will be selected from Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers will screen articles, assess methodological quality, and extract data using JBI assessment and extraction instruments. Discrepancies will be solved by consensus and a third reviewer will be consulted if necessary. A narrative synthesis of findings will be presented, and statistical analysis will be used when appropriate. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42020147816.

Influence of sex-based differences on oral anticoagulation control in patients taking coumarin derivatives: a systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review will aim to assess the influence of sex-based differences on oral anticoagulation control in patients taking coumarin derivatives. INTRODUCTION: Coumarin derivatives, such as warfarin, have a narrow therapeutic index, requiring frequent monitoring to achieve adequate anticoagulation control, which can be assessed by the time in therapeutic range. Differences in the quality of oral anticoagulation control between men and women have been reported, although the current evidence is controversial. A systematic review on this topic would provide results that could be incorporated into clinical practice to enhance oral anticoagulation control and treatment outcomes. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Observational and experimental studies were assessed for eligibility, with participants aged ≥18 years of either sex taking oral anticoagulation or other coumarin derivatives for ≥3 months, for any indication of chronic use, who had oral anticoagulation control evaluated by time in therapeutic range. METHODS: Electronic databases to be searched include MEDLINE, BVS, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently perform title/abstract selection and screening, and then full text retrieval and screening of articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The evaluation of methodological quality and data extraction will also be performed by two independent reviewers. Data will be synthesized in tables and then the compiled results will be meta-analyzed. In the presence of subgroup differences, meta-regression methods will be used to investigate the effects of categorical or continuous covariates. If statistical pooling is not possible, a narrative synthesis will be presented. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO (CRD42019128329).

Assessment of patient knowledge on warfarin: An item response theory approach.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: There are no instruments to assess the patient's knowledge of oral anticoagulation with warfarin, in which the performance of the items has been evaluated through the item response theory. To evaluate psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test, using the item response theory. METHODS: This methodological study was developed in an anticoagulation clinic of a university hospital with a sample of 201 patients treated with warfarin. The item response theory was used to evaluate questions regarding psychometric properties and the performance of the Brazilian version of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test items. The unidimensionality hypothesis was analysed by decomposing the polychoric correlation and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. An item characteristic curve of the 20 items of the instrument was made to identify the discrimination power of each item of the performance scale. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Correlations were positive and statistically significant among the 20 items, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82. The difficulty parameter ranged from -4.14 to 0.42. The discrimination parameter ranged from 0.41 to 1.89. The items regarding drug-drug/drug-food interactions were able to differentiate knowledge about oral anticoagulation with greater accuracy. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This study is the first that uses this methodology to evaluate the knowledge on oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. The evaluation using item response theory showed that the Brazilian version of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test is suitable for assessing the patient's knowledge of oral anticoagulation with warfarin. Thus, our findings confirmed the utility of this instrument and provided an essential point of reference for the structuring of health education activities that ensure the individualization of educational interventions in patients on warfarin.

Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test to the Brazilian Portuguese. / Adaptação Transcultural do Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test para o Português do Brasil.

Patients' knowledge about oral anticoagulant therapy may favor the achievement of therapeutic results and the prevention of adverse pharmacotherapy-related events. Brazil lacks validated instruments for assessing the patient's knowledge about treatment with warfarin. This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) Test instrument from English into Portuguese. This is a methodological study developed in an anticoagulation clinic of a public university hospital. The study included initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, review by the experts committee and pre-testing with 30 individuals. We obtained semantic equivalence through the analysis of the referential and general meaning of each item. The conceptual equivalence of the items sought to demonstrate the relevance and acceptability of the instrument. The process of cross-cultural adaptation produced the final version of the OAK Test in Brazilian Portuguese entitled "Teste de Conhecimento sobre Anticoagulação Oral". There was a suitable semantic and conceptual equivalence between the adapted version and the original version, as well as an excellent acceptability of this instrument.

Adaptação Transcultural do Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test para o Português do Brasil / Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge Test to the Brazilian Portuguese

Resumo O conhecimento dos pacientes sobre o tratamento com anticoagulantes orais pode favorecer o alcance dos resultados terapêuticos e a prevenção de eventos adversos relacionados à farmacoterapia. No Brasil, observa-se a ausência de instrumentos validados para avaliação do conhecimento do paciente sobre o tratamento com a varfarina. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural do instrumento Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) Test do inglês para o português do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo metodológico desenvolvido em uma clínica de anticoagulação de um hospital público universitário. O estudo compreendeu as etapas de tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, revisão pelo comitê de especialistas e pré-teste com 30 indivíduos. A equivalência semântica foi obtida através da análise do significado referencial e geral de cada item. A equivalência conceitual dos itens buscou demonstrar a relevância e a aceitabilidade do instrumento. Com o processo de adaptação transcultural foi obtida a versão final do OAK Test em língua portuguesa do Brasil, intitulada “Teste de Conhecimento sobre Anticoagulação Oral”. Constatou-se uma equivalência semântica e conceitual adequada entre a versão adaptada e a original, bem como uma excelente aceitabilidade desse instrumento.

Abstract Patients’ knowledge about oral anticoagulant therapy may favor the achievement of therapeutic results and the prevention of adverse pharmacotherapy-related events. Brazil lacks validated instruments for assessing the patient’s knowledge about treatment with warfarin. This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) Test instrument from English into Portuguese. This is a methodological study developed in an anticoagulation clinic of a public university hospital. The study included initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, review by the experts committee and pre-testing with 30 individuals. We obtained semantic equivalence through the analysis of the referential and general meaning of each item. The conceptual equivalence of the items sought to demonstrate the relevance and acceptability of the instrument. The process of cross-cultural adaptation produced the final version of the OAK Test in Brazilian Portuguese entitled “Teste de Conhecimento sobre Anticoagulação Oral”. There was a suitable semantic and conceptual equivalence between the adapted version and the original version, as well as an excellent acceptability of this instrument.

Assessment of psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the oral anticoagulation knowledge test.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) Test. METHODS: This study, conducted in an anticoagulation clinic, included 201 Brazilian participants aged over 18 years, who had been using warfarin for more than two months. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by assessing internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson coefficient) and reproducibility (test-retest reliability). The validity was evaluated by hypothesizing that there would be a positive correlation of moderate to strong intensity between the correctness levels of the OAK Test and time within therapeutic range (TTR) values, which is a measure used to evaluate the quality of oral anticoagulation. RESULTS: The instrument exhibited good psychometric properties. The total a Kuder-Richardson coefficient value was 0.818 and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.967. The validity revealed a strong positive correlation between the values of the level of knowledge, as measured by the OAK Test and the TTR values (rs = 0.780). CONCLUSION: The instrument proved to be a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the knowledge of Brazilian patients on oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. This instrument may be incorporated into the practice of health care for substantiating the structuring of educational activities to ensure the improvement of knowledge about the use of warfarin, thereby increasing the effectiveness and safety of treatment.

Administração de medicamentos: identificação e análise das necessidades educacionais de enfermeiros / Medicines administration: identification and analysis of the educational needs of nurses

Objetivo: identificar e analisar as necessidades educacionais de enfermeiros atuantes em uma instituição hospitalar do interior do Estado de Minas Gerais no que concerne à administração de medicamentos. Método: estudo qualitativo, com levantamento de necessidades, realizado em uma instituição hospitalar localizada em um município do interior do Estado de Minas Gerais/MG, polo da Macrorregião Jequitinhonha. A amostra foi constituída por 19 enfermeiros que compõem a equipe de enfermagem da instituição em estudo. Para obtenção dos dados, foi utilizada a Técnica de Grupo Nominal. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, protocolo nº 3185. Resultados: destacaram-se seis categorias de necessidades educacionais: preparo e administração de medicamentos, obtenção de informações e conhecimento em administração de medicamentos, interações medicamentosas, aspectos gerais da administração de medicamentos, efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos e mecanismos de ação dos medicamentos. Conclusão: destacou-se a necessidade de conhecimento acerca de importantes conteúdos relativos à administração de medicamentos.(AU)

[Medication errors: analysis of what a hospital's nursing staff know]. / Erros de medicação: análise do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem de uma instituição hospitalar.

The aim of this study was to determine and discuss with the nursing staff their knowledge about what represents a medication error, the need to notify such an error and what would be necessary to put in these notifications. This is a descriptive quantitative study, carried out in a hospital, of which 72 professionals took part. Regarding the definition of medication errors, we found that 49 (68%) share the concept adopted in this study. Regarding the need of notification, 67 (93%) declared that there is such a need. As regards the content of the notification, 63 (85%) had a similar concept to the one used in this study. The need to further approach aspects related to medication errors was evident.

Erros de medicação: análise do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem de uma instituição hospitalar / Errores de medición: análisis del conocimiento del equipo de enfermería de una institución hospitalaria / Measurement errors: analysis of the nursing staff's knowledge in a hospital

Objetivou-se verificar e analisar junto à equipe de enfermagem o conhecimento sobre em que consiste um erro de medicação, sua necessidade de notificação e o conteúdo da mesma. Trata-se de pesquisa de caráter quantitativo descritivo, desenvolvida em uma instituição hospitalar, da qual fizeram parte 72 profissionais. Em relação à definição de erros de medicação, constatou-se que 49 (68 por cento) possuem conceito semelhante ao adotado nesse estudo. Quanto à necessidade de notificação, 67 (93 por cento) afirmaram sua necessidade. Referente ao conteúdo da notificação, 63 (85 por cento) possuem conceito semelhante ao adotado no estudo. Evidencia-se a necessidade de aprofundamento em relação aos aspectos referentes aos erros de medicação.

El objetivo fue verificar y analizar con el equipo de enfermería el conocimiento sobre en qué consiste un error de medición, la necesidad de ser notificado y lo que debe constar en dicha notificación. Consiste en una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva, desarrollada en una institución hospitalaria, de la cual formaron parte 72 personas. En relación a la definición de errores de medición, 49(68 por ciento) tienen concepto semejante al adoptado en este estudio. En cuanto a la necesidad de notificación, 67(93 por ciento) afirmaron que existe dicha necesidad. En relación al contenido de la notificación, 63(85 por ciento) tienen concepto semejante al adoptado en este estudio. Fue evidente la necesidad de profundizar en relación a los errores de medicación.

The aim of this study was to determine and discuss with the nursing staff their knowledge about what represents a medication error, the need to notify such an error and what would be necessary to put in these notifications. This is a descriptive quantitative study, carried out in a hospital, of which 72 professionals took part. Regarding the definition of medication errors, we found that 49 (68 percent) share the concept adopted in this study. Regarding the need of notification, 67 (93 percent) declared that there is such a need. As regards the content of the notification, 63 (85 percent) had a similar concept to the one used in this study. The need to further approach aspects related to medication errors was evident.

Identificação e análise de prescrições de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos em uma instituição hospitalar / Identification and analysis of potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions for elderly patients in a hospital / Identificación y análisis de prescripciones de medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados para ancianos en una institución hospitalaria

Objetivou-se identificar e analisar a frequência de prescrições de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos com idade a partir de 65 anos, segundo os critérios de Beers, bem como descrever as reações adversas advindas dessas prescrições. O estudo é uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e transversal desenvolvida em uma instituição hospitalar do interior do Estado de Minas Gerais. A amostra constituiu-se de 55 prontuários, nos quais foram analisadas 342 prescrições. Observou-se que 47,3% (26) dos prontuários e 51,2% (175) das prescrições continham medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados. No que concerne às reações adversas, o número de casos observados em 26 prontuários chegou a onze (42,3%). O maior responsável pelas reações foi o medicamento Diazepan, com 45,4% (5), e o tipo de reação mais comum foi a sonolência e letargia, com 54,5%(6). Concluiu-se que são muito frequentes os casos de prescrição inapropriada, o que pode aumentar o risco do paciente apresentar uma reação adversa, complicando o quadro clínico e prolongando a hospitalização.

The objective of this research was to identify and analyze the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions for elderly patients over 65 years of age, according to Beer's criteria, as well as to describe the adverse reactions arising from these prescriptions. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study, developed in a hospital of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample consisted of 55 medical records, from which 342 prescriptions were analyzed. It was noted that 47.3% (26) of medical records and 51.2% (175) of the prescriptions contained potentially inappropriate medications. Regarding side effects, the prevalence was 42.3% (11) observed in 26 medical records. The Diazepam drug was largely responsible for reactions of 45.4% (5), being the most common type of reactions drowsiness and lethargy with 54.5% (6). It was concluded that the prevalence of inappropriate prescriptions is high, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions, thus complicating the clinical symptoms and prolonging hospitalization.

Tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar el predominio de prescripciones de medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados para ancianos con edad a partir de 65 años, según los criterios de Beer, así como describir las reacciones adversas derivadas de dichas prescripciones. Se trata de una investigación de carácter descriptivo y transversal desarrollada en una institución hospitalaria del interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La muestra se compuso por 55 historias clínicas, de los cuales se analizaron 342 prescripciones. Se observó que 47,3% (26) de las historias clínicas y un 51,2% (175) de las prescripciones contenían medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados. En lo que concierne a las reacciones adversas, el predominio fue de 42,3% (11) observado en 26 historias clínicas. El mayor responsable por las reacciones fue el medicamento Diazepan con 45,4% (5), siendo la somnolencia y el letargo el tipo de reacción más frecuente con 54,5% (6). Se concluye que son muy frecuentes los casos de prescripción inadecuada, lo que puede aumentar el riesgo de presentar reacciones adversas, complicando así el cuadro clínico y prolongando la hospitalización.

Erros e ações praticadas pela instituição hospitalar no preparo e administração de medicamentos / Medical errors and hospital actions concerning drug preparation and administration / Errores y de las acciones practicadas por la institucion hospitalaria en la preparacion y administracion de medicamentos

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa identificar os erros cometidos pela equipe de enfermagem, relacionados ao preparoe à administração de medicamentos, e as ações praticadas pela instituição hospitalar em que ocorreram. Trata-se deum estudo quantitativo-descritivo, desenvolvido em uma instituição hospitalar de Minas Gerais, da qual fizeram parte72 profissionais. Constatou-se a ocorrência de 181 erros, sendo a não monitorização do paciente após a medicação oprincipal tipo, registrando-se 60 (33%) sujeitos, seguida da não avaliação prévia do paciente, com 36 (20%). As açõesmais praticadas pela instituição perante o erro foram a advertência –24 (41%) – e a não tomada de atitude, com 17 (29%).Concluiu-se que os erros são quantitativamente elevados e graves e que a instituição hospitalar utiliza a advertência,a qual é vista como forma de punição aos que cometem tais erros.

This study aimed to identify nursing team errors regarding drug preparation and administration, and the actions taken by the hospital where the errors occurred. This quantitative and descriptive study was developed at a hospital in the State of Minas Gerais with 72 participants. The study identified 181 errors. Lack of patient monitoring after medication was the chief error with 60 (33%) occurrences, no patient assessment happened in 36 (20%) instances. Hospital actions subsequent to a medical error were in 24 (41%) cases a warning. In 17 (29%) cases no action was taken. In conclusion, the incidence of medical errors is frequent and serious. The hospital practice of warning the professionals after a medical error can be seen as a punishment to those involved.

La finalidad del estudio fue identificar los errores cometidos por el equipo de enfermería relacionados a la preparación y administración de medicamentos y también las acciones practicadas por la institución hospitalaria donde ocurrieron tales hechos. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo realizado en un hospital de Minas Gerais. Participaron 72 profesionales. Fueron observados 181 errores. La falta de monitoreo del paciente después de la medicación, con 60(33%) de los casos fue el error más serio y la no evaluación previa del paciente ocurrió en 36 (20%) de los casos. Las acciones más practicadas por la institución frente a los errores fueron la advertencia, con 24(41%), seguida de ninguna actitud tomada con 17 (29%) casos. Se concluye que los errores son cuantitativamente elevados y graves y que la institución hospitalaria utiliza la advertencia, considerada como una forma de punición, para aquéllos que cometen dichos errores.

Nursing journals and medication management: identification and categorization of publications from 1987 to 2008.

This study aimed to identify and categorize publications about themes related to medication administration in Brazilian nursing journals between 1987 and 2008. From a survey in the main health databases, we reviewed literature about the theme in six Brazilian journals, classifying the articles into care, teaching, research, technique, medication errors, communication and specific drugs. One hundred eight articles were identified, particularly in the Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem and the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. The author Cassiani and the category specific drugs stand out as responsible for the largest number of articles published. Efforts need to be added up with a view to a more expressive production of articles on medication administration.

Nursing journals and medication management: identification and categorization of publications from 1987 to 2008 / Periódicos de enfermería y administración de medicamentos: identificación y categorización de las publicaciones de 1987 a 2008 / Periódicos de enfermagem e administração de medicamentos: identificação e categorização das publicações de 1987 a 2008

This study aimed to identify and categorize publications about themes related to medication administration in Brazilian nursing journals between 1987 and 2008. From a survey in the main health databases, we reviewed literature about the theme in six Brazilian journals, classifying the articles into care, teaching, research, technique, medication errors, communication and specific drugs. One hundred eight articles were identified, particularly in the Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem and the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. The author Cassiani and the category specific drugs stand out as responsible for the largest number of articles published. Efforts need to be added up with a view to a more expressive production of articles on medication administration.

Este estudio objetivó identificar y categorizar los artículos de periódicos nacionales de enfermería que abordan temas referentes a la administración de medicamentos en el período de 1987 a 2008. A partir de la búsqueda realizada en las principales bases de datos de la salud, se utilizó la revisión de literatura acerca de la temática en seis periódicos nacionales, categorizando los artículos en lo referente a: asistencia; enseñanza; investigación; técnica y errores de medicación; comunicación; y, medicamentos específicos. Fueron identificados 108 artículos, destacándose la Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermería y la Revista Brasileña de Enfermería y el autor Casiani y la categoría medicamentos específicos, como aquellos responsables por la cantidad más expresiva de artículos publicados. Es necesario sumar esfuerzos para realizar una producción más expresiva de artículos relacionados a la administración de medicamentos.

Este estudo objetivou identificar e categorizar os artigos de periódicos nacionais de enfermagem que abordam temas referentes à administração de medicamentos no período de 1987 a 2008. A partir da busca realizada nas principais bases de dados da saúde, utilizou-se a revisão de literatura acerca da temática em seis periódicos nacionais, categorizando os artigos em assistência, ensino, pesquisa, técnica e erros de medicação, comunicação e medicamentos específicos. Foram identificados 108 artigos, destacando-se a Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem e a Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem e o autor Cassiani e a categoria medicamentos específicos, como aqueles responsáveis pelo mais expressivo quantitativo de artigos publicados. É necessária a soma de esforços para uma mais expressiva produção de artigos relacionados à administração de medicamentos.